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干货!考研英语词汇常见前缀后缀88个

2022-06-12 09:43:13 来源:天任郑大考研网  

考研英语常见前缀

  1. anti- 相反的: antiwar, antimatter, antinuclear

  2. auto- 自动的: automatic, autobiography

  3. ab- 相反,变坏,离去: abnormal, abuse, abandon, abolish

  4. bi- 两个: bicycle, bilingual, biweekly

  5. by- 在旁边,副的: byproduct, byroad

  6. co- 共同,一起: coauthor, cooperate, coexist

  7. counter- 相反: counteract, counterattack, contrary, contrast

  8. dis- 否定,相反或相对: disagree, disadvantage, dishonest

  9. de- 否定,去掉,减少,离开: devalue, deforestation, decode

  10. em- 用在b.p.前,使…进入状态: embody, empower

  11. ex- 前,前任: ex-wife, ex-president

  12. extra- 额外的,外部的: extraordinary, extracurricular

  13. en- 使…进入状态: endanger, enlarge

  14. fore- 前,提前,预先: forearm, forewarn, forecast

  15. homo- 同类的: homosexual, homogeneous, homocentric

  16. hyper-超过,太多: hyperbole(夸张), hyperactive(过度活跃的), hypercritical(苛求的)

  17. in-/im-/il-/ir- 不,反: indirect, insensitive, immoral, impossible, illegal, illiterate, irregular, irresponsible

  18. inter- 在…之间,相互: international, interchange

  19. intra-/intro- 向内,入内: introduce, introspect, introvert(性格内向的人)

  20. macro- 表示"宏伟""大": macroeconomic(宏观经济,整体经济), macrostructure(宏观结构)

  21. mal- 表示"坏""恶": malfunction(故障), maltreat(虐待,滥用)

  22. micro- 表示"微" "小": microeconomic(微观经济), microscope(显微镜), microelectronics(微电子学)

  23. mid- 表示"中,中部": middle, midday, midnight

  24. mini- 表示"小": minibus, miniskirt, miniature

  25. mis- 表示"错误,坏": misfortune(不幸), misunderstand(误解)

  26. mono- 表示"单个,一个": monologue(独白), monotone(单调), monoplane(单翼机)

  27. multi- 表示"很多": multinational(多国的,跨国的), multipurpose(多种用途的,多种目标的)

  28. non- 表示"不,非": nonsense(胡说), nonresident(不住在任所的)

  29. over- 表示"过度,过分": overuse, overtime; 表示"在...之上": overhead; 表示"反转": overturn, overcome

  30. post- 表示"…后": postgraduate, postwar

  31. pre- 表示"...前的,预先": prewar, prepay, prepare, predict

  32. pro- 表示"向前,前往": prospect, progress, propose; 表示"赞同,亲": pro-America, pro-abortion

  33. pseudo- 表示"假,伪": pseudonym(假名,笔名), pseudoscience(假科学,伪科学)

  34. re- 表示"一再,重新": reuse, reunite, rebuild; "向后,相反,不": reject, refuse, rebel

  35. self- 表示"自己,自身": self-employed(自己经营的), self-taught(自学而成的,自修的)

  36. semi- 表示"半,不完全地": semicircle(半圆形), semifinal(半决赛)

  37. step- 表示"后,继": stepmother, stepchildren

  38. sub- 表示"下,在下;低于,副,亚,次": subdivide(再分,细分), subsection(分部,小部分), subway

  39. super- 表示"在…之上,加之": supermarket, supernatural(超自然的)

  40. sur- 表示"超过,在上面": surface, surpass(超越,胜过), surmount(战胜,克服),surcharge(超载,追加罚款)

  41. tele- 表示"远": telecommunication(电讯,远程通讯), telescope

  42. therm(o)-表示"热,热电": thermometer(温度计,体温计), thermochemistry(热化学)

  43. trans- 表示"横过,穿过": transplant, transport, transnational, transatlantic(大西洋彼岸的)

  44. tri- 表示"三": triangle, tricycle

  45. ultra- 表示"极端,过度": ultramodern(超级现代化), ultrasound(超音,超声波), ultra-democracy(极端民主)

  46. un- 表示"不,非,无": unreal, uncomfortable, unfortunate, unconditional(无条件的)

  47. under- 表示"在…之下,次于,不足": underground, underdeveloped, undersea, underline

  48. uni- 表示"单一": uniform, unidirectional(单向的), united(一致的,统一的,团结的)

  49. vice- 表示"副": vice-chairman, vice-governor, vice-president

  考研英语常见后缀

  ➢ 高频后缀

  50. -tion 常将动词转变为名词的后缀: action, acquisition

  51. -ure 多为表示行为、概念的抽象名词后缀: adventure, literature

  52. -ity 常将形容词转变为名词的后缀: density, majority

  53. -ous 形容词后缀: disastrous, nervous

  54. -ment 常将动词转变为名词: payment, requirement

  55. -ant 多为形容词或名词后缀: resistant, applicant

  56. -able 常将动词转变为形容词: advisable, suitable

  57. -age 多为名词后缀: courage, usage

  58. -tive 多为形容词后缀: attractive, creative

  59. -sion 多为名词后缀: confusion, impression

  ➢ 其他常见后缀

  (表示人物、施动者或制剂的名词后缀)

  60. -an: librarian, musician

  61. -ess: actress, princess

  62. -ist: pianist, specialist

  63. -ar: beggar, burglar

  64. -or: editor, operator

  65. -eer: engineer, volunteer

  66. -ent: correspondent, recipient

  (表示状态、性质、行为或处境的名词后缀)

  67. -ance: performance, resistance

  68. -ism: criticism, mechanism

  69. -ancy: discrepancy, hesitancy

  70 -ness: happiness, kindness

  71. -dom: freedom, kingdom

  72. -ery: bravery, machinery

  73. -tude: gratitude, magnitude

  74. -hood: childhood, likelihood

  75. -ty: loyalty, novelty

  (表示转化、产生、拥有的动词后缀)

  76. -ize, -ise: organize/-ise, realize/-ise

  77. -ate: accelerate, regulate

  78. -en: strengthen, threaten

  79. -ish: establish, vanish

  80. -fy: amplify, identify

  (表示性质或特征的存在或缺失的形容词后缀)

  81. -ible: responsible, visible

  82. -al: brutal, central

  83. -ate: considerate, intermediate

  84. -ful: painful, wonderful

  85. -less: hopeless, restless

  86. -ly: orderly, timely

  87. -some: tiresome, troublesome

  88. -y: bloody, worthy


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